What is C# ?

1. Overview

C# is a modern, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft and approved by European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA) and International Standards Organization (ISO).

C# was developed by Anders Hejlsberg and his team during the development of .Net Framework.

C#  is designed  for Common Language Infrastructure (CLI), which consists of the executable code and  runtime environment that allows use of various high-level languages on different computer platforms and architectures.

The following reasons make C# a widely used professional language:

• It is a modern, general-purpose programming language
• It is object oriented.
• It is component oriented.
• It is easy to learn.
• It is a tructured language.
• It produces efficient programs.
• It can be compiled on a variety of computer platforms.
• It is a part of .Net Framework.

Strong Programming Features of C#

Although C# constructs closely follow traditional high-level languages, C and C++ and being an object-oriented programming language. It has strong resemblance with Java,  it has  numerous strong  programming  features that make  it endearing  to a number of programmers worldwide.

Following is the list of few important features of C#:

• Boolean Conditions
• Automatic Garbage Collection
• Standard Library
• Assembly Versioning
• Properties and Events
• Delegates and Events Management
• Easy-to-use Generics
• Indexers

 Conditional Compilation

• Simple Multithreading
• LINQ and Lambda Expressions
• Integration with Windows

2. Development environment

          we will discuss the tools required for creating C# programming. We have already mentioned that C# is part of .Net framework and is used for writing.Net applications. Therefore, before discussing the available tools for running a C# program, let us understand how C# relates to the .Net framework.

 The .Net Framework

The .Net framework is a revolutionary platform that helps you to write the following types of applications:

• Windows applications
• Web applications
• Web services

The .Net framework applications are multi-platform applications. The framework has been designed in such a way that it can be used from any of the following languages: C#,  C++,  Visual  Basic,  Jscript, COBOL,  etc.  All  these  languages can  access the framework as well as communicate with each other.

The .Net framework  consists of an enormous library  of codes used  by  the client languages such as C#. Following are some of the components of the .Net framework:

• Common Language Runtime (CLR)
• The .Net Framework Class Library
• Common Language Specification
• Common Type System
• Metadata and Assemblies
• Windows Forms
• ASP.Net and ASP.Net AJAX
• ADO.Net
• Windows Workflow Foundation (WF)
• Windows Presentation Foundation
• Windows Communication Foundation (WCF)
• LINQ

For the jobs each of these components perform, please see ASP.Net - Introduction, and for details of each component, please consult Microsoft's documentation.

 Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for C#

Microsoft provides the following development tools for C# programming:

• Visual Studio 2010 (VS)
• Visual C# 2010 Express (VCE)
• Visual Web Developer

The last two are freely available from Microsoft official website. Using these tools, you can write all kinds of C# programs from simple command-line applications to more complex applications. You can also write C# source code files using a basic text editor like Notepad, and compile the code into assemblies using the command-line compiler, which is again a part of the .NET Framework. Visual  C#  Express  and  Visual  Web Developer  Express  edition  are trimmed down versions of Visual Studio and has the same appearance. They retain most features of Visual Studio. In this tutorial, we have used Visual C# 2010 Express. You can download it from Microsoft Visual Studio. It gets installed automatically on your machine. 

Note: You need an active internet connection for installing the express edition.

Writing C# Programs on Linux or Mac OS

Although the.NET Framework runs on the Windows operating system, there are some alternative versions that work on other operating systems. Mono is an open-source version of the .NET Framework which includes a C# compiler and runs on several operating systems, including various flavors of Linux and Mac OS. Kindly check GoMono.

The stated purpose of Mono is not only to be able to run Microsoft .NET applicationscross-platform, but also to bring better development tools for Linux evelopers. Mono can be run on many operating systems including Android, BSD, iOS, Linux, OS X, Windows, Solaris, and UNIX.

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Acer debuts new gaming PCs with VR support

Acer introduced a range of new products on Thursday at a press event in New York City. The Taiwanese electronics company announced a variety of gaming products, a high-end 2-in-1 notebook, an enterprise-level Chromebook and more.

Beyond computers, Acer also highlighted a new smartphone and a range of health and fitness devices, including a GPS-equipped biking computer with a built-in camera.

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SKYBOOK Learning Studio is a educational software (web based) that helps to search anything from the Internet. This is good platform for students for their studies.

• easy to use
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• local databse intergrated
• fully optimized for latest windows operating systems
• use low system resources
• priting support
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Wi-Fi preserves us Harmful?

We have learned that food, water and shelter, but by the time carried basic human evolution because of the technical requirements of people list has more festering. At present it has a Wi Fi connections, even smart phones. One day, without food, but without the Internet is a nightmare to pay more Computers, Laptops, mobile phones and other high tech equipment coupling of wireless internet wi-fi Short term known as. Among the most popular network in the village are available almost everywhere in the city. Mobile phones owners is guided with wi-fi Harvey prevent health problems.

Wrong Wi-Fi waves?

Surfing the Internet for individuals modern wireless tablet, smart phone, such as equipment for home and office of the internet.The signal issued by router always said that our health adversely affected. This signal is electromagnetic waves. Do not worry about the small group of people who are aware of this threat ... because later the WLAN signal becomes a problem ... science experts have pointed out router plants and human growth and recovery gets interrupt / block that.

Wi - Fi exposure to what we should expect?

Ear pain, long lasting fatigue, severe headache pain, inability to focus, naturally, many people sleep spiked LANs being able to work and to live without technology issues, we explain the truth known. And the fact is that our health priorities developed ... should find a way to protect our body from the adverse effects that result from the wi-fi network ...

Below router proper use and a short list of things that could be in order to reduce the possible risk of using the network.

How to protect our children, and electromagnetic waves with a warning?

Do not always connected to wi-fi ... connect only when necessary.

Before worrying about wi-fi off.

Use wired phones cordless phones instead.

No More Cracked Games. Denuvo Will Protect them!

Denuvo Anti-Tamper, or Denuvo, is an anti-tamper technology developed by the Austrian company Denuvo Software Solutions GmbH, a company formed through the management buyout (MBO) of Sony DADC DigitalWorks.

Early reports suggested that Denuvo Anti-Tamper "continuously encrypts and decrypts itself so that it is impossible to crack."Denuvo Software Solutions has stated that the technology "does not continuously encrypt and decrypt any data on storage media. To do so would be of no benefit in terms of security or performance." The company has not revealed how Denuvo Anti-Tamper works.^[2] The Chinese warez group 3DM claimed to have defeated Denuvo Anti-Tamper on December 1, 2014. The group claimed that the technology involves a "64-bit encryption machine" that requires cryptographic keys unique to the specific hardware of each installed system.

Later, in early December, the same group released a crack for the video game Dragon Age: Inquisition, which uses Denuvo Anti-Tamper to protect Electronic Arts' Origin Online Access DRM.^[4] But this took almost a month, which is unusually long for PC games. Asked about the development, Denuvo acknowledged that "every protected game eventually gets cracked". Ars Technica noted that most legitimate sales for major games happened within 30 days of release, and so publishers may consider Denuvo a success if it meant a game took significantly longer to be cracked.

In January 2016, 3DM reportedly nearly gave up attempting to crack Just Cause 3, which is protected with Denuvo, due to the difficulties associated with the process. They also warned that due to the current trends in encryption technology, in two years time the cracking of video games may become impossible.^[6][7] Denuvo's Thomas Goebl believes that some console only releases may get PC release in future due to this technology.^[7] It was announced that 3DM would stop all research on Denuvo Anti-Tamper and stop cracking all single-player games from February 2016 for one whole year, start relying on other crackers and see if the sales have increased in China in one year's time.After a few days, 3DM's founder "Bird Sister" declared that they have a solution to the latest Denuvo version used in Just Cause 3, Rise of the Tomb Raider, FIFA 2016, saying that they never gave up. However, the cracks would not be released officially, rather they have to be obtained by other means.

Controversy

Some consumers have alleged that Denuvo Anti-Tamper shortens the lifetime of solid-state drives (SSDs) by writing an excessive amount of data to the drive. Denuvo Software Solutions responded by claiming that "Denuvo Anti-Tamper does not constantly read or write any data to storage media."

List of protected games

Games that are officially acknowledged to use, or reportedly use, Denuvo Anti-Tamper include:

Name	Publisher	Developer	Release Date	Source
FIFA 15	Electronic Arts	EA Canada	2014-09-23	[3][14]
Lords of the Fallen	CI Games	CI Games	2014-10-28	[3]
Dragon Age: Inquisition	Electronic Arts	BioWare	2014-11-18	[15][16]
Battlefield: Hardline	Electronic Arts	Visceral Games	2015-03-17	[17]
Batman: Arkham Knight	Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment	Rocksteady Studios	2015-06-23	[18]
Mad Max	Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment	Avalanche Studios	2015-09-01	[19]
Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain	Konami	Kojima Productions	2015-09-01	[19]
FIFA 16	Electronic Arts	EA Canada	2015-09-22	[20]
Anno 2205	Ubisoft	Blue Byte	2015-11-03	[21][22]
Star Wars Battlefront	Electronic Arts	EA DICE	2015-11-17	[23]
Just Cause 3	Square Enix	Avalanche Studios	2015-12-01	[24]
Rise of the Tomb Raider	Square Enix	Crystal Dynamics	2016-01-28	[25]
Unravel	Electronic Arts	Coldwood Interactive	2016-02-09	[26]
Far Cry Primal	Ubisoft	Ubisoft Montreal	2016-02-23	[27]
Plants vs. Zombies: Garden Warfare 2	Electronic Arts	PopCap Games	2016-02-23	[28]
Hitman	Square Enix	IO Interactive	2016-03-11	[29]
Need for Speed	Electronic Arts	Ghost Games	2016-03-15	[30]
ADR1FT	505 Games	Three One Zero	2016-03-29	[31]
Mirror's Edge Catalyst	Electronic Arts	EA Digital Illusions CE	2016-05-24	[32]

From Wikipedia

2017 Bugatti Chiron: The $2.6-Million, 1500-hp, 261-mph Image Booster

 

With the Bugatti Veyron’s top-speed records, a price tag over $1 million, and distinctive melted-scoop-of-ice-cream styling, it was an instant rolling superlative when it debuted in 2005. Its successor, the new Chiron, is even more of a record- and headline-grabbing show pony. Is it faster? A 310-mph (500 km/h) speedometer and Bugatti’s claim that it’ll do 261 mph say it is.

Never mind that there are few places in the world where anyone could achieve 261 mph, and even fewer owners who will ever attempt the feat, what could hypercars such as the Ferrari LaFerrari, Porsche 918 Spyder, or McLaren P1 offer in retort? That their top speeds are lower, they’re less comfortable, or, critically, that they’re—gulp—cheaper? The Chiron’s game is to be so unattainable, so unimaginable, so magical as to reestablish Bugatti as the ultimate automotive accouterment for those who measure their cash reserves not by face value but with a yardstick. 

Make Bugatti Great Again

Bugatti says the 4400-pound Chiron is “the world’s first production sports car with 1500 hp.” It’s best to simply shelve any expectations of modesty on Bugatti’s part. After all, when the car you’re replacing produced 1200 horsepower, hit 258 mph, and cost more than $2 million, adding an extra 300 horsepower, 3 mph of governed top speed, and half a million to the window sticker matters. Oh, and just 500 will be made, because nobody wants a mass-produced $2.6-million car. 

Between Bugatti’s braggadocio and posturing, there are real improvements to the Veyron’s formula. Does it matter that, if every strand of carbon fiber in its new central tub were laid end to end, they’d “stretch nine times the distance between the earth and the moon”? No, and we pity the Bugatti employee charged with checking the arithmetic on that factoid. But it is indicative of a real effort to reduce—or at least hold the line on—the Chiron’s weight relative to that of the somewhat pudgy Veyron. All of that carbon fiber—the body panels also are made of the stuff—helps keep the Chiron right around the same weight as the 4486-pound Veyron, despite being 3.2 inches longer, 1.6 inches wider, and 0.3 inch taller. Bugatti further claims that the Chiron’s structure is as stiff as those underpinning LMP1 racing prototypes.

Volvo's pedestrian airbags

As proof of just how quickly automotive technology can advance, just check out the Volvo V40. Developed with an external airbag aimed at better protecting pedestrians in the event of a collision, this innovative safety device could be phased out soon in place of more advanced active safety technologies like pedestrian detection and auto braking. Go Auto had a chance to talk to Volvo senior VP Lex Kerssmakers at the Tokyo Motor Show, and he suggested that the V40's under-hood airbag will not be used on the next-gen XC90 and might not even be continued on non-SUV models. The passive airbag was designed to deploy at speeds of less than 31 miles per hour to help limit head injuries to pedestrians, but new active technologies are designed to prevent collisions in the first place.

The interview also reveals some details about the new XC90, such as the inclusion of a plug-in hybrid system and the debut of a new safety technology. Kerssmakers told Go Auto that a new Volvo concept will be unveiled at the Detroit Auto Show in January, but it won't be for the XC90. 

Source - Autoblog

How to Upgrade the RAM (Memory) on a Laptop

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1. Find Out If Your Computer Needs More RAM

Low memory is often the cause of bottlenecks on a computer, and can lead to not just slow performance but also stability problems. If you're a power user--multitasking across several intensive programs or keeping 30 or so browser tabs open at once--more memory will likely help your system run more smoothly.

You can check your laptop's memory usage in Windows Task Manager: With your typical applications open, hit Win+S to search for "task manager" (in Windows 7, hit the Windows key and type "task manager" in the search field). Then, in Task Manager's performance tab, see how much memory is being used out of the total available. You'll also see how many physical memory slots are in use and, thus, how many are available for adding more memory.

You'll get an even more detailed view by clicking on the "Open Resource Monitor" option at the bottom of the Task Manager window and navigating to the Memory tab. Note the screens will look slightly different under Windows 7 (shots below come from Windows 8.1).

 

Need more memory!

2. Find the Right Kind of Memory

Once you've decided to upgrade the RAM, the hardest part is finding the correct memory for your system. Memory supplier Crucial offers handy tools to help you select the right memory. You can download a system scanner and let it find the upgrades available or simply choose your system from the Crucial Advisor tool.

Depending on your system, Crucial's Advisor tool might ask you for specifics you might not be sure about--for example, whether you have a dual core processor or a quad core one. You can find these details in Windows' System Information window: Use Win+S to search for "msinfo32" and look for the appropriate line (e.g., look at the processor line to see how many cores it has.)

Crucial's tools will tell you how many memory banks (or slots) you have and the memory chips you can buy for your system. 

 

For better performance, memory should be added in pairs. If your laptop has two memory banks, for example, and one of them is taken up by a 4GB chip, get a matching 4GB chip for the other, empty slot.

3. Open the Panel to Locate Your Memory Banks

With your additional memory in hand, it's time to upgrade your laptop memory, a pretty straightforward process.

First, turn off your laptop and unplug the power adapter. Then open the panel on the bottom of your laptop covering the memory banks. (Depending on your system, you might have to unscrew the whole back of the laptop to access the memory and other components.)

 

3. Ground Yourself to Avoid Electrostatic Discharge

Before you touch any component in your PC, though, touch any metal surface inside the computer (e.g., the back of the hard drive or a metal connector for another component). This will discharge any potentially damaging static electricity from your body.

4. Remove Any Memory in the Upper Slot

Chances are any installed memory will be taking the upper slot, so you'll need to remove it and put it in the other bank so you have space for your added memory. 

To remove the memory module, push apart the clips holding it in place. The memory module should pop up at an angle. 

Then, holding the memory module by its edges--without touching the gold connectors at the bottom, lift the module out.

5. Install the Old Memory Module in the Lower Slot

Next, insert the module into the bottom slot at a 45-degree angle, with the gold edge facing down (the same way it was installed in the upper slot). Use even pressure with your fingers at the top of the module to push it into place. When you hear a click and feel the memory module snap into place, firmly push the module back until it is installed flat and level, with the clips holding it securely.

 

 5. Repeat the Installation with the New Memory Module in the Upper Slot

Take the new memory module, with the gold edge facing down, and repeat the process in the top slot: Insert the module at an angle, and push down and back until it clicks into place.

 

That's it! Power up your laptop and head back to the System Information window or Task Manager to verify your new memory has been added. Enjoy your upgraded memory